UCD流程
下面是国外UPA网站上对UCD流程的解释，内容跟 ISO 9241-210 (以人为中心的交互系统设计) 是一致的，理论依据，整理下~
What is User-Centered Design?
User-centered design (UCD) is an approach to design that grounds the process in information about the people who will use the product. UCD processes focus on users through the planning, design and development of a product.
An International Standard
There is an international standard that is the basis for many UCD methodologies. This standard (ISO 13407: Human-centred design process) defines a general process for including human-centered activities throughout a development life-cycle, but does not specify exact methods.
In this model, once the need to use a human centered design process has been identified, four activities form the main cycle of work:
Specify the context of use
Identify the people who will use the product, what they will use it for, and under what conditions they will use it.Specify requirements
Identify any business requirements or user goals that must be met for the product to be successful.Create design solutions
This part of the process may be done in stages, building from a rough concept to a complete design.Evaluate designs
The most important part of this process is that evaluation - ideally through usability testing with actual users - is as integral as quality testing is to good software development.
The process ends - and the product can be released - once the requirements are met.
A Typical UCD Methodology
Most user-centered design methodologies are more detailed in suggesting specific activities, and the time within a process when they should be completed. The UXPA publishes a poster, Designing the User Experience, showing a typical UCD process.
In this version, the UCD activities are broken down into four phases: Analysis, Design, Implementation and Deployment, with suggested activities for each phase. They are:
Analysis Phase
Meet with key stakeholders to set vision
Include usability tasks in the project plan
Assemble a multidisciplinary team to ensure complete expertise
Develop usability goals and objectives
Conduct field studies
Look at competitive products
Create user profiles
Develop a task analysis
Document user scenarios
Document user performance requirements
Design Phase
Begin to brainstorm design concepts and metaphors
Develop screen flow and navigation model
Do walkthroughs of design concepts
Begin design with paper and pencil
Create low-fidelity prototypes
Conduct usability testing on low-fidelity prototypes
Create high-fidelity detailed design
Do usability testing again
Document standards and guidelines
Create a design specification
Implementation Phase
Do ongoing heuristic evaluations
Work closely with delivery team as design is implemented
Conduct usability testing as soon as possible
Deployment Phase
Use surveys to get user feedback
Conduct field studies to get info about actual use
Check objectives using usability testing
原文链接 https://www.upassoc.org/usability_resources/about_usability/what_is_ucd.html